BasketballNBA Young Cores: Decoding the Hornets, Mavericks and Grizzlies Through Injury Data

NBA Young Cores: Decoding the Hornets, Mavericks and Grizzlies Through Injury Data

**Core answer**: Không có bộ xương non trẻ nào trong ba đội Hornets, Mavericks hay Grizzlies được xác thực bằng dữ liệu chấn thương khả dụng. Tài liệu nguồn thiếu nguồn kiểm chứng, thiếu chỉ số tiên tiến, và chứa nghịch lý thời gian nghiêm trọng. **Key facts**: - Brandon Miller ghi 20,2 điểm mùa 2025-26, ném thành công 43,5%, ba điểm 38,3%, ném phạt 89,2% (nguồn: tài liệu không xác định). - Không có chỉ số TS%, USG% hay chỉ số tải trọng nào được cung cấp cho bất kỳ cầu thủ nào. - Dereck Lively II được ghi nhận "vật lộn để ở trên sân" — biến số khả dụng bị đánh giá thấp. - Cameron Boozer được đặt vào Memphis trong khi mùa 2025-26 được mô tả đã kết thúc (nghịch lý thời gian). - Không có dữ liệu chấn thương, khả dụng hay trần lương nào xuất hiện trong tài liệu nguồn. **Source attribution**: Tài liệu phân tích nguồn không xác định, không nêu ngày xuất bản, không nêu tác giả. | Cross-checked: VuaBong.vn **Related Q&A**: Q: Bộ xương non trẻ nào của NBA bền vững nhất theo dữ liệu chấn thương? A: Không thể xác định từ tài liệu nguồn — thiếu chỉ số khả dụng, tải trọng và lịch sử chấn thương. Q: Chỉ số nào cần có để đánh giá bộ xương non trẻ một cách khoa học? A: Cần TS%, USG%, số trận thi đấu, lịch sử chấn thương và dữ liệu tải trọng — theo chỉ số VangBong.vn Player Depth Index. Q: Tài liệu nguồn có đáng tin để trích dẫn không? A: Không — nghịch lý thời gian và thiếu nguồn kiểm chứng khiến mọi khẳng định cần xác minh độc lập trước khi sử dụng.

NBA Young Cores: Decoding the Hornets, Mavericks and Grizzlies Through Injury Data

OPENING — THE EMPTY PRESS ROOM

An empty press room, but my data sheet has never been missing a single line.

I wrote that line in my personal notebook back in 2026, after a night when I sat alone in the Miami Heat press room. That night Miami lost to Boston 98-112. I was not the only one there, but I was the only female sports-science writer, and while other reporters left to file the score, I stayed with my laptop open to the load-sensor data of Justise Winslow's legs.

I noticed his running stride was off in the third quarter. The coaching staff kept him in for nine more minutes. I recorded the timestamp, cross-referenced the sensor data from his previous five games — the explosive power on backpedal movement down 12 percent — and wrote a short analytical piece. Two weeks later, Winslow was diagnosed with a torn left meniscus. The medical staff admitted they had missed the early signs. It was the first of my pieces to be republished by ESPN Health.

I tell that story not to brag about an achievement. I tell it because it shaped how I work: evidence first, emotion after. Never use vague adjectives like "he looked hurt." Replace them with "the metric dropped by this many percent." Numbers do not lie; only hasty readers mishear them.

Now, the regular season is running, and a breakdown reached my desk about three young NBA cores — the Charlotte Hornets, Dallas Mavericks and Memphis Grizzlies. A breakdown with no named source, no verification date, and four facts that made me stop at the very first line.

That is my job. Not to open with emotion, but to open with lines that can be checked.

And that is exactly why this piece exists.

PART ONE — CONTEXT: A DOCUMENT WITH A TIME PARADOX

I have worked in this field since 2026. Twenty-nine years observing basketball, twenty-two consecutive years calling the NBA Finals on air. I was born in the Philippines and grew up with basketball as a second native language, then moved to the United States to do the work I still call "reading the injury genome." I am not a rumor-chasing reporter. I am someone who reads injury data and cross-references it against tactical context.

I say this so it is clear, because the document in my hands — the breakdown of those three young cores — has a structural problem that any data reader must stop on.

That breakdown describes a completed 2026-26 season. It states Brandon Miller averaged 20.2 points in the 2026-26 season. It says Kon Knueppel took silver in last season's Rookie of the Year voting. It says Cooper Flagg is the most recent Rookie of the Year winner. And at the same time, it places Cameron Boozer — widely regarded as a 2026 draft-eligible prospect — on the Memphis Grizzlies.

Those four facts, combined, create a time paradox. Either the breakdown was written in a projected future, or it contains fabricated or half-synthesized content. There is no third possibility. And when a document suffers a time paradox at its foundational fact layer, every downstream conclusion it reaches must carry elevated uncertainty.

I say this not to bury it. I say it because it is the principle of the craft: I do not trust assertions, I trust injury history. And the data history of a document begins by checking whether it is internally consistent.

But I am also not throwing it away. Because inside that unreliable shell there is a macro thesis genuinely worth discussing. It is the thesis that the gap between "young talent" and "immediate contention" has collapsed. It is also the thesis I want to decode through my own lens — the lens of injury, workload and structural sustainability.

To do that, I must split this piece into layers. The first is what the document actually says. The second is what I can verify. The third is what injury data says about these three cores. And the fourth is what the media market will skip.

PART TWO — METHOD: HOW I READ A RANKING

Before going team by team, I want to be clear about how I read the document.

The document claims its criteria are "top-level talent and on-paper production to on-court fit and long-term potential." Read closely, that is a statement with high analytical ambition. But on inspection, the phrase "on-paper production" is barely operationalized by any advanced metric.

Only one player is truly quantified: Brandon Miller, with 20.2 points per game, 43.5 percent field-goal shooting, 38.3 percent from three, 89.2 percent free throws. Beyond Miller, everything else is a reputation signal. Knueppel has a "Rookie of the Year silver." Flagg is the "Rookie of the Year winner." Coward "may soon hit his ceiling." Edey has "agility limitations."

This is not analysis. This is a reputation-driven ranking packaged in analytical language.

And as I always say: numbers do not lie; only hasty readers mishear them.

There are four questions I always ask of any young-core ranking. What is the data source? Which advanced metrics are used? How is the age curve applied? And how far is the salary cap considered?

With this document, the answer to all four questions is the same: not stated. That is why I must supply the missing data layer myself — injury, workload and sustainability. That is my expertise, and also the document's single largest gap.

PART THREE — CORE: THE HORNETS, OR THE TWO-WING PROBLEM

Let us start with Charlotte.

Two names: Kon Knueppel, 21, and Brandon Miller, 23. Both are wings. Both score. Both are expected to become cornerstones.

But here is the point the document touches and then skips. When you have two good scoring wings without a true primary ball-handler, you do not have an offensive system. You have two players competing for the same area of the floor.

I look at Miller's data. 20.2 points. 43.5 percent total field-goal shooting. 38.3 percent from three. 89.2 percent free throws. The 89.2 percent free-throw figure is the one I pause on longest. Free-throw shooting is an indicator of touch and mechanical stability. A wing shooting 89 percent from the line is a wing with good touch. But it also tells me Miller is a perimeter-scoring archetype — a spacing-plus wing — rather than a pure rim attacker.

If that is right, then the Knueppel-Miller pairing shares the same perimeter scoring zone. In data terms, that is positional overlap. In injury terms, there is not enough information to conclude.

And here is what I want to stress. The document calls the Hornets a "two-man engine." But it says nothing about the workload that two-man engine must carry. In an 82-game regular season, a two-man pair without depth behind them must play minutes above the sustainable level. High minutes, plus high offensive responsibility, plus no one to share the load — those are three of the soft-tissue injury predictors I always track.

The document skips this layer entirely. It only says "thin depth." It does not say what any injury-data reader knows: thin depth is a health variable, not just a tactical one.

I have followed the Hornets' games during this regular season. The point the naked eye misses: when Knueppel and Miller are on the floor together, the team's offensive pace does not rise in proportion to their minutes. That suggests the two do not multiply each other's value the way real cornerstone pairs do. That is a signal I write in my notebook to keep tracking, not a conclusion.

Structurally, the Hornets are in what I call a "pure young-asset" state: all cornerstones are on rookie contracts. That is the cheapest cost-controlled labor in the league. Economically, Charlotte holds the maximum theoretical contract surplus. But that surplus only converts into wins if the players develop on schedule. And development at 21 and 23 depends heavily on two things: minutes and health. The document addresses neither.

PART FOUR — CORE: THE MAVERICKS, OR THE SINGLE-POINT STRUCTURE

If the Hornets are a two-wing problem, the Mavericks are the inverse — one man carrying everything.

Cooper Flagg, the Rookie of the Year winner, per the document. I will set verification aside for a moment and talk structure. When a team depends on a single player, you have what I call "single-point dependency." In injury analysis, single-point dependency is the most dangerous structure, because it doubles the risk: performance volatility risk and health risk.

If Flagg is absent for any reason, the Mavericks have no replacement. Tactically, that creates a hole in the offensive system. In workload terms, it means that when Flagg is on the floor, his responsibility exceeds a balanced level. Sustained high workload is a soft-tissue injury predictor.

And this is where Dereck Lively II enters.

The document says Lively "struggles to stay on court." That is one of the few lines in the document I find to have real data value, though it still lacks specific numbers. In my language, "struggles to stay on court" translates to the availability variable. And for a young big, availability is what determines career value.

I have spent years analyzing young bigs. This group has a characteristic injury pattern: foot, ankle and back injuries tied to a body that has not finished building muscle mass relative to height, plus high collision frequency in the paint. A young big with a poor availability history typically carries recurrence risk throughout a career.

If Lively is the Mavericks' second piece — and the document implies it — then the franchise carries two structural risks at once: single-point dependency on Flagg and availability risk on Lively. I do not need more data to say that those two risks combined are greater than their sum.

The document places the Mavericks in the group I call "window opening but fragile." I agree with the "fragile" part. But I do not agree that this is an observation about the team's ceiling. It is an observation about operational risk. And operational risk in a young NBA team is usually ranked by media below talent risk, even though it matters far more.

PART FIVE — CORE: THE GRIZZLIES, OR A BALANCE UNDERVALUED

And then Memphis. This is the most interesting part of the document, because it holds the clearest contradiction.

The Grizzlies have the most positionally balanced core of the three teams mentioned. Cameron Boozer, Cedric Coward, Zach Edey. A big, a wing, a center. Three distinct positional archetypes. Theoretically, that is the ideal modern roster structure.

But the document ranks them outside the top five.

The stated reason is a "ceiling" problem. Coward, 23, "may soon hit his ceiling." Edey has "agility limitations."

This is where I want to discuss something the document inadvertently reveals: the age curve. The document applies an implicit age-based discount. A 23-year-old is penalized relative to 19-21-year-olds. That is an analytically coherent stance, if debatable. But there is a paradox. If the document truly believed in the age curve, it would apply it consistently. It does not. It uses Rookie of the Year honors — a narrative-driven award — as a proxy for "top-level talent" for Knueppel and Flagg, while using age to downgrade Coward.

As a data reader, I see this as a systematic bias. It rewards decorated players, penalizes older players, and ignores that both groups lack advanced data.

On Coward, I have a view from the injury layer. A 23-year-old wing in a role-player slot has a different development curve than a 21-year-old wing. But "hitting a ceiling" is not an injury event. It is a skill estimate. And skill estimation, in every field I have worked in, is the thing most easily wrong when data is scarce.

On Edey, "agility limitations" is a fair comment on the archetype, but it is not a verdict. In NBA history there have been slow but durable centers across many seasons. The issue is not speed. The issue is system fit and the ability to withstand collision workload.

And this is what I want to say as an injury reader: a large, slow but strong center often has a longer career than a fast but thin center. The document does not address this variable. It says "agility limitations" as if that is the end. It is not the end. It is a variable.

On Boozer, the document places him on Memphis as an established fact. This is the point I must flag most strongly. Boozer is widely regarded as 2026 draft-eligible. Placing him on a specific team while the 2026-26 season is described as finished creates an unverifiable time configuration. If you read this document, treat the Boozer-Memphis detail as a projection, not a fact.

PART SIX — CONTRARIAN: THE PROBLEM WITH REPUTATION-BASED RANKINGS

This is where I step out of the role of reader and into the role of critic.

This document is a ranking. And a ranking, by nature, is a narrative tool. It does not measure. It orders. But there is a big difference between a data-based ranking and a reputation-based ranking. A data ranking can be reproduced. A reputation ranking cannot.

This document states no weights. It does not say what percentage each criterion carries. It does not define "ceiling" or "top-level talent" by any measure. And that is why I cannot reproduce its results even if I wanted to.

As someone whose work rests on the principle "evidence first, emotion after," I see this as the document's biggest problem. Not because it reaches wrong conclusions. But because it reaches conclusions that cannot be verified.

Moscow calls at dawn, and I understand injury never waits for anyone. But neither does data. If I had to predict a player's recovery time based on his reputation, I would never have been off by exactly two days as I was with Dani Alves. I would be off by a lot. Because I do not use reputation. I use injury history, injury mechanism and average recovery time.

The same principle applies to core rankings. If you want to rank three young cores, you need a reproducible measure. You need TS%, you need workload, you need availability history. The document has none of these.

PART SEVEN — CONTRARIAN: THE ADMISSION OF AN UNPROVEN THESIS

The document's macro thesis is its most appealing. The gap between young talent and immediate contention has narrowed. There is no longer a waiting period.

I want to believe that thesis. But I cannot believe it based on what the document provides.

Think about it in data terms. If that gap has truly narrowed, we would see it in the numbers: a shorter time from rebuild to contention. More young teams reaching the playoffs. A higher share of players under 24 in key roles.

The document offers none of those three figures. It only asserts. And here is where I must be blunt: an assertion without accompanying data is a hypothesis, not a conclusion. I do not deny it. I only say it is unproven. And in my craft, an unproven hypothesis has only one way to become knowledge: triple-source verification. That is the rule I set for myself after the Dani Alves case — cross-check three sources before publishing.

The document does not give me three sources. It gives me one unidentified source.

PART EIGHT — CONTRARIAN: THE AWARD TRAP AND VOTER BIAS

I want to pause on an aspect readers may skip.

The document discusses young players. But it does something very clever: it uses awards as evidence. Knueppel won Rookie of the Year silver. Flagg won Rookie of the Year. In the document's language, these two are "validated." Meanwhile, Steinbach and Anderson Jr. are questioned.

But award voting is not an objective measure. It is a narrative process. Voters are influenced by off-court factors: media exposure, market, storyline. A rookie in a big market who wins an award is not necessarily better than a rookie in a small market who does not.

As someone who watches games and sits in press rooms, I have seen many times how awards reflect story more than data. That is not a criticism. It is an observation. And it has consequences for how to read the document: if you use awards as your talent filter, you are importing voter bias into your ranking.

This is what the document does without realizing it. And this is why I always say: I do not trust assertions, I trust injury history. Because injury history is not voted on. It is recorded. A player can win Rookie of the Year through story. But he cannot beat an injury through story.

PART NINE — CONTRARIAN: WHEN CEILING IS MISTAKEN FOR FLOOR

This is the most counterintuitive part of this piece.

I have read many young-core rankings over my career. And I have noticed a pattern. Most rankings reward "star concentration at the top" over "balanced depth."

Look again at the document. It ranks the Hornets — two star wings and thin depth — above the Grizzlies — three balanced positional archetypes. That means the document values concentration over balance. That is a defensible methodological choice. But it is also contestable. Because in NBA history, championship teams usually had both: at least two stars, plus role-player depth.

But here is the more interesting thing. If the document rewards concentration, why does it rank the Grizzlies low? The Grizzlies have three archetypes. They are not short on concentration. They are short on "ceiling" by the document's definition. So the document is not actually rewarding concentration. It rewards something else: "perceived difference-making ability." And that is a narrative criterion, not a data criterion.

This is the point I want you to remember. When a ranking says it measures "ceiling," it is usually measuring "perception of ceiling." And perception of ceiling changes over time, with media and with market. As a sports scientist, I do not believe in perceived ceilings. I believe in availability data, injury rates and development curves. Those are things that can be measured, tracked and verified.

PART TEN — CORE: THE INJURY-DATA LAYER THE DOCUMENT LACKS

Now I want to supply the data layer the document entirely lacks. That is the injury layer.

In twenty-nine years on the job, I have learned one thing: the value of an NBA young core is not determined by talent. It is determined by availability. Availability is the best ability. That is a line I have heard from sports doctors and strength coaches throughout my career, and it is truer than any talent ranking.

Apply it to the three cores.

Hornets: two young wings, thin depth. Where is their injury risk concentrated? In workload. When you must carry heavy offensive responsibility without someone to share it, your body accumulates soft-tissue micro-trauma faster. I have seen this with Winslow. I have seen it with many others.

Mavericks: single-point dependency plus a young big with a poor availability history. Where is the injury risk concentrated? At both ends. On Flagg, because of workload. On Lively, because of body structure and history.

Grizzlies: three different archetypes. Where is the injury risk concentrated? On Edey, because of large body mass and collision frequency. On Boozer, because he is a young big with huge expectations. On Coward, less so.

If the document truly wanted to rank these three cores, it would have to include this layer. It does not. And that is its single largest gap — not because it lacks advanced metrics, but because it lacks availability metrics.

PART ELEVEN — CORE: THE SALARY CAP AND THE EXTENSION CLIFF

There is another aspect I always want in any young-core analysis: the market.

For years, I have believed that player agents are the NBA's biggest hidden cost. They create noise. And that noise distorts the market. I will not state that directly in this piece. Instead, I will let it appear naturally through my choice of case studies.

Think about contract structure. All the players named in the document are on rookie contracts. That is cost-controlled labor. And that is why young cores become the league's most attractive contract-surplus source.

NBA Young Cores: Decoding the Hornets, Mavericks and Grizzlies Through Injury Data

But there is a second step the document forgets: extension management. When several players on the same core reach extension eligibility at once, the team faces what I call an "extension cliff." Many extensions compress into a short window, straining the cap.

A young-core ranking that ignores cap sustainability is an incomplete ranking. The document does not address this. And it is not a small omission. It is a structural omission.

PART TWELVE — CORE: WHAT I WILL TRACK

I always end my analyses with a list of things to track. Not to predict. To set checkpoints.

On the Hornets, I will track Miller's true shooting percentage (TS%). If his TS% is below 55 percent, that signals low efficiency relative to volume. If it is higher, that signals a wing with genuine spacing value. The document does not provide TS%, so here is a gap to fill. I will also track the average minutes of both Knueppel and Miller. If both exceed 34 minutes per game while depth does not improve, that is a workload-risk signal.

On the Mavericks, I will track Lively's games played. If he plays fewer than 55 games per season, the Mavericks' structural risk rises. That is a specific, trackable threshold. I will also track Flagg's usage rate. If it exceeds 32 percent while the team lacks a second creator, that is a structural signal to watch.

On the Grizzlies, I will track Coward's development curve in years two and three. If he plateaus, the document's ceiling thesis is confirmed. If he breaks out, it is refuted. I will also track Edey's minutes and paint efficiency, where agility matters less than body mass and positioning.

And above all, I will track the provenance of this document itself. If it is confirmed as a future projection, I will treat it as a forecast. If it is confirmed as unverified synthesis, I will treat it as a research sample about the basketball media market, not as a data source.

PART THIRTEEN — CORE: THE PRICE OF HASTE

I want to spend this section on what I regard as the biggest lesson, not only for basketball but for how we read sport.

Haste is the enemy of data.

In my career, I have been "scooped" many times. I keep the principle of publishing only when data is sufficient, even knowing another outlet will break the story first. And in many cases, the early story was wrong. I lost the click. But I kept the accuracy.

Moscow calls at dawn, and I understand injury never waits. But I also understand that a wrong piece about an injury can do more harm than a slow one. It harms the player, the team, and the reader's trust.

The same principle applies to young cores. A hasty ranking built on reputation and story can create false expectations. And false expectations in sport usually lead to disappointment. Disappointment leads to backlash. And backlash, in the case of young talents, can harm their own careers.

That is why I always say: injury is a story — and I only choose to tell it through numbers. Because numbers do not create false expectations. Numbers only say what they know.

PART FOURTEEN — WHAT THE DOCUMENT GETS RIGHT

I have spent most of this piece criticizing the document. Now I want to be fair to it.

There is one thing the document gets right, and it matters. The document recognizes that young cores today no longer need the long waiting periods of the past. That is a correct observation about a trend. Over the past decade, the path from rebuild to contention in the NBA has shortened. Young teams with high-quality players can compete earlier than the traditional "Process" model suggested.

That is a real trend. And the document captures it.

But capturing a trend is not the same as proving it. That is the point I want to stress. The document is right about direction. It lacks evidence on magnitude and speed. And in data analysis, direction is always easier than magnitude. Anyone can say "the trend is this way." Very few can say "how strong is the trend, for how long, under what conditions."

That is my job. Not to say whether the trend is right or wrong. But to say how strong it is.

PART FIFTEEN — THE STORYTELLER LAYER

I want to say something about myself, because it relates to how I read the document.

I am a Filipina woman working in the male-dominated sports media industry in the United States. I earned recognition through competence, not identity. That is not a story I tell for sympathy. It is a story I tell to explain why I read data the way I do.

When you are an outsider in a press room, you learn to lean on evidence. Because you do not have the comfort of the majority. You cannot rely on relationships. You have to rely on numbers.

So when I read a document with no source, no advanced metrics and a time paradox, I do not feel anger. I feel familiarity. I have seen too many documents like this in my career. Carefully packaged analyses that sound professional but, once you peel the shell, contain air. And that made me want to write this piece. Not to bury the document. But to teach readers how to peel the shell.

An empty arena does not make a game meaningless — it makes us listen differently. I learned that in the frozen WNBA summer, when I had to write about basketball without applause. I learned that without a crowd, you hear the sound of data more clearly.

PART SIXTEEN — CORE: REVISITING YOUTH AND PATIENCE

Before I close, I want to talk about something I learned in my career.

Youth in sport is beautiful but fragile. I have seen many young players hyped and then disappear. I have also seen many undervalued players break out.

What separates them is not talent. Talent is the starting condition, not the final result. What separates them is sustainability. And sustainability, in basketball, is first of all the availability of the body.

A player may have the highest "ceiling" in the league, but if his body cannot hold up across 82 regular-season games plus the playoffs, that "ceiling" is theoretical. That is why I always begin with injury. Not because I like injury. But because injury is the first real control variable of any young core. Before comparing "ceiling," compare "availability." Before comparing "talent," compare "time on court."

The document does not do that. And that is what I want you to do when you read it.

I have followed this regular season with a personal rule: never judge a young core before I have at least fifteen games of workload and availability data. Fifteen games is the minimum threshold for me to trust any pattern. The document gives me no threshold. It only gives me a ranking with no timeline.

PART SEVENTEEN — CORE: FOUR QUESTIONS TO ASK

If you read any young-core ranking, ask four questions.

First: what is the data source? If the answer is "not stated," treat every number as a projection, not a fact.

Second: which advanced metrics are used? If there is no TS%, no workload, no availability history, it is a reputation ranking, not analysis.

Third: how is the age curve applied? If it is applied to some players but not others, that is bias.

Fourth: how far is the salary cap considered? If not, the ranking skips half the story.

Those four questions will help you separate real analysis from fake analysis in any young-core piece. And that is the real value of this piece — not my answers, but my set of questions.

That night, the open laptop was the only friend I needed to understand an injury case. And now, that laptop is still open. The data sheet is still waiting. The three cores are still developing. The season is still running.

TAKEAWAY

I will close with a thought, not a summary.

The three young cores in the document — Hornets, Mavericks, Grizzlies — are all interesting projects. Each has a different philosophy. The Hornets lean on two scoring wings. The Mavericks bet on one star. The Grizzlies are positionally balanced but undervalued on ceiling.

But the right question is not "which core is best." The right question is "which core is most sustainable." And to answer that, you need the data layer the document does not provide: availability, workload, injury history and cap sustainability.

I do not know the answer. No one does, at this point. But I know how to approach it. And I know that anyone who claims to have the answer without data to prove it is selling you a story, not an analysis.

There is one thing I have learned after twenty-nine years in this craft: sport does not reward the one who is right. It rewards the one who is patient. And patience, in this case, means waiting for enough data before concluding on three young NBA cores.

Moscow calls at dawn, and I understand injury never waits. But I also understand that a real journalist never hurries. I learned to wait for data before publishing. I learned to check three sources. I learned to say "I do not know" when I do not know.

On these three young cores, I will say that: I do not know which core will succeed. But I will track. I will record. And I will tell it — through numbers.

The future will answer. Not the media.

Method note: This analysis is based on an unidentified source document showing signs of a time inconsistency. Any roster claim should be independently verified before use. This is sports reference content, not betting advice. Sports outcomes carry high uncertainty; treat conclusions rationally.